This week Professor Peluso asked the class to summarize their blog experiences. Well, I don’t know about my other classmates, but I had an absolutely amazing experience and a wonderful time blogging about my topic. To be very honest, I have never experienced anything new/different. It is always the same old stuff with the same old rules in every class. However, English 112 was a totally new and exciting experience for me due to blogging.
For the longest time, I have been hearing about “blogging” and the world “blog.” Yet, I always asked myself, “What in the world is a blog?!” I mean I just could not understand what was so special about it and why it was used. Well, today I know, and I know very well what a blog is and why people are so fond of it.
Ever since the start of English 112, I have been writing and posting new blogs every week. When Professor Peluso told the class that there would be a ton of blogging in this class, I became very stressed out. It wasn’t the writing that was worrying me, but it was actually the blogging that got to me. I wasn’t even really familiar with the world, so how in the world was I supposed to create a blog and also post entries on it every week?
Well, when I had to write my first blog, it was not quite up to the mark. And to be quite honest, that was only because I really didn’t know how I was supposed to approach a topic through a blog. Then, I read other blogs, including the blogs of students in my class, and saw the way they did their writing(s). After seeing that the blogs looked similar to how one would write essays for a regular research paper, I realized that it was not such a big deal after all. After that day, my blog entries were just commented on and praised continuously, which influenced my writing even more. For a beginner like me, I had an easier time blogging than I ever thought. I guess it was the new experience that was scaring me, but when I got a little push, everything seemed to be just fine.
To me, blogging was just such a new innovative way to put out my writing, my thoughts, and more, online. Blogging was not just a way put out research and facts about a topic for my class or the public, but also a way of announcing and showing my passion about this one topic and what I want the world to know and hear. I think that my blogs definitely reflected who I really am, and maybe there could not have been a better way of showing that than this (blogging). I have a tendency to write a lot about any topic I choose because I feel as if there is just so much to say and yet so little time. But, blogging actually allowed me to present my information more effectively without cluttering everything together. After my first blog, my writing improved so much that I started to get numerous amounts of comments. Not just that, but Professor Peluso even called my writing, “senior-level!” I mean, how awesome is that? I was so proud of myself when I realized that my writing had gone up to a level that I never even though of, and that was actually because of blogging. I, myself, am impressed with my writing and I couldn’t have felt better!
Tuesday, December 11, 2007
Wednesday, December 5, 2007
Cultural Losses
Never having any issues on what to write for my blog entries, I finally got one! I sat down and thought long and hard about what to write, but whenever I started to write about a topic, I would always stop in the middle and delete whatever I had written. So, after deleting about 3 blog entries, I finally decided to write about "Cultural Losses." At first I thought that this topic had absolutely nothing to do with global warming, yet as I was reading a book called, “The Atlas of Climate Change,” I realized it had plenty to do with global warming.
Climate change, whether we like it or not, is threatening parts of the world’s cultural and historical heritage. It’s not just about what is going on currently, but also about the past. For example, in 2002, flooding across Europe damaged concert halls, theatres, museums, and libraries, which led to a loss of half a million books (Dow and Downing 66).
There are many places that suffer a loss of built heritage and cultural landscapes, such as Boston, South Africa, Italy, Mt. Everest, Thailand, and Tuvalu. Let me first start by talking about Thailand. Due to severe flooding in northeastern Thailand, the 600-year-old ruins of Sukothai have been damaged, including the ruins of Ayutthaya (which was the capital from the 14th to 18th century). Venice, Italy has previously and is still experiencing frequent flooding, which has caused the damage of many buildings. For example, St. Mark’s Square actually floods about 50 times more each year than it did in the early 1900s. Thirdly, evacuations are taking place due to the rise of sea-levels in Tuvalu, which is an island nation. Moving on around the globe, Mt. Everest has almost lost its natural beauty since there is not as much snow as there used to be in 1953. The negative effect of this is that if Mt. Everest loses its natural beauty, there will be a decrease in the amount of tourists that come to visit every year. Excluding building and mountains, even National Parks are being affected due to climate change. For example, the West Coast National Park in South Africa actually had to move their fossils of the oldest human footprints (estimated to have been made 117,000 years ago) in order for them to be safe. Lastly, sea-levels and coastal storms could increase the height of flooding on the Charles River and many famous historical sites (such as the Boston Garden) (Dow and Downing 67).
These are just some of the many places around the world that are being affected due to global warming. As it is said by Dow and Downing, “The potential for more frequent floods and more intense storms poses greater threats to cherished buildings, monuments, archaeological sites, and other material traces of history and heritage” (Dow and Downing 67).
References:
Dow, Kirstin, and Thomas Downing. The Atlas of Climate Change.Berkeley and Los Angeles: Myriad Editions Limited,2006.
Climate change, whether we like it or not, is threatening parts of the world’s cultural and historical heritage. It’s not just about what is going on currently, but also about the past. For example, in 2002, flooding across Europe damaged concert halls, theatres, museums, and libraries, which led to a loss of half a million books (Dow and Downing 66).
There are many places that suffer a loss of built heritage and cultural landscapes, such as Boston, South Africa, Italy, Mt. Everest, Thailand, and Tuvalu. Let me first start by talking about Thailand. Due to severe flooding in northeastern Thailand, the 600-year-old ruins of Sukothai have been damaged, including the ruins of Ayutthaya (which was the capital from the 14th to 18th century). Venice, Italy has previously and is still experiencing frequent flooding, which has caused the damage of many buildings. For example, St. Mark’s Square actually floods about 50 times more each year than it did in the early 1900s. Thirdly, evacuations are taking place due to the rise of sea-levels in Tuvalu, which is an island nation. Moving on around the globe, Mt. Everest has almost lost its natural beauty since there is not as much snow as there used to be in 1953. The negative effect of this is that if Mt. Everest loses its natural beauty, there will be a decrease in the amount of tourists that come to visit every year. Excluding building and mountains, even National Parks are being affected due to climate change. For example, the West Coast National Park in South Africa actually had to move their fossils of the oldest human footprints (estimated to have been made 117,000 years ago) in order for them to be safe. Lastly, sea-levels and coastal storms could increase the height of flooding on the Charles River and many famous historical sites (such as the Boston Garden) (Dow and Downing 67).
These are just some of the many places around the world that are being affected due to global warming. As it is said by Dow and Downing, “The potential for more frequent floods and more intense storms poses greater threats to cherished buildings, monuments, archaeological sites, and other material traces of history and heritage” (Dow and Downing 67).
References:
Dow, Kirstin, and Thomas Downing. The Atlas of Climate Change.Berkeley and Los Angeles: Myriad Editions Limited,2006.
Renewable Energy
Increasing the use of renewable energy sources is an important way of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, while still continuing to provide power. Everyone probably knows that renewable energy technologies can help contribute to a clean and secure energy future for the nation and the world. But, how many of us really use renewable energy?
There are actually two types of energy- Renewable and Non-Renewable. According to the Energy Information Administration,” Renewable energy sources include solar energy, which comes from the sun and can be turned into electricity and heat. Wind, geothermal energy from inside the earth, biomass from plants, and hydropower and ocean energy from water are also renewable energy sources.” On the other hand, Non-Renewable energy includes oil, natural gas, and coal, which actually come out of the ground. These are basically called “non-renewable” because they cannot be replaced, which then causes pollution and increase global warming.
Unfortunately, only about 4 percent of total primary energy comes from sources which do not produce greenhouse gases. That means that most of the energy comes from non-renewable sources, even though it is harmful to the planet. Well, why are non-renewable sources being used if they are a disadvantage to us? According to Alliant Energy, non-renewable energy sources are used more basically because they are cheaper.
However, the good news is that more than 40 percent of U.S. states have actually adopted a renewable electricity standard. The Union of Concerned Scientists said, “Renewable electricity standards have been enacted in 21 states and the District of Columbia. UCS projects that these standards will result in the development of 46,270 megawatts (MW) of new renewable energy capacity by 2020—an increase of 340 percent over total U.S. levels (excluding hydro) in 1997.”
So, the U.S. does finally decide to do something about reducing carbon dioxide emissions! Although if the Congress adopted a National Standard, things would probably look much better.
There are actually two types of energy- Renewable and Non-Renewable. According to the Energy Information Administration,” Renewable energy sources include solar energy, which comes from the sun and can be turned into electricity and heat. Wind, geothermal energy from inside the earth, biomass from plants, and hydropower and ocean energy from water are also renewable energy sources.” On the other hand, Non-Renewable energy includes oil, natural gas, and coal, which actually come out of the ground. These are basically called “non-renewable” because they cannot be replaced, which then causes pollution and increase global warming.
Unfortunately, only about 4 percent of total primary energy comes from sources which do not produce greenhouse gases. That means that most of the energy comes from non-renewable sources, even though it is harmful to the planet. Well, why are non-renewable sources being used if they are a disadvantage to us? According to Alliant Energy, non-renewable energy sources are used more basically because they are cheaper.
However, the good news is that more than 40 percent of U.S. states have actually adopted a renewable electricity standard. The Union of Concerned Scientists said, “Renewable electricity standards have been enacted in 21 states and the District of Columbia. UCS projects that these standards will result in the development of 46,270 megawatts (MW) of new renewable energy capacity by 2020—an increase of 340 percent over total U.S. levels (excluding hydro) in 1997.”
So, the U.S. does finally decide to do something about reducing carbon dioxide emissions! Although if the Congress adopted a National Standard, things would probably look much better.
Tuesday, November 27, 2007
Saving Energy
Delaying the process to reduce global warming could cause substantial risks. As the authors Dow and Downing said, “The climate system responds slowly, so the positive benefits of actions taken today will not be realized for decades.” So basically, the longer the wait, the greater risk the planet has.
It is quite unfortunate that even though something is and will be done for the future of the planet, reducing greenhouse gas emissions can never make the climate and ecosystems return to the way they were before. Well, some of the worst consequences can still be avoided, but only if there is an extreme reduction in emissions than before. On the other hand, reducing emissions will definitely require massive changes to the world’s carbon-based economy and the current inefficient use of energy. According to Dow and Downing, “The first round of the Kyoto Protocol committed the industrialized countries among the signatories to an average 5 percent reduction. However, the European Union environment ministers estimate that a reduction of between 60 and 80 percent will be needed to prevent dangerous climate change.”
Burning fossil fuels to power homes and run cars creates global warming pollution. The Union of Concerned Scientists said that 70 percent of the electricity is produced from fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and oil, but only 2 percent from renewable sources in America alone. Not just that, but can you believe that cars and trucks alone make up 25 percent of the United States carbon dioxide emissions?! I mean, how scary is that?! The sad part is that even if we humans do want to or try to reduce/prevent the usage of carbon dioxide emissions, we just can’t. For example, if we do not drive in a car, a bus or metro will most likely be taken. But either way, it’s not helping the planet.
Essentially, everybody can take action to fight global warming, and there is plenty of advice on how to do it. Some people might think that doing something as little as turning off a light bulb will not help, when the truth is that everything (whether it be big or small) makes a huge difference. Now, what should be done? Well, one of the biggest problems nowadays is the use of energy. Using less energy not only helps the planet, but also saves money on household bills. How good does that sound? For example, one should buy an “Energy-efficient” refrigerator, which actually saves about half a ton of carbon dioxide per year. Not just that, but instead of using standard light bulbs, one should use “Compact fluorescent light bulbs,” which are about 75 percent more efficient than the standard light bulbs. Lastly, one can reduce energy consumption just by sitting at home by insulating the windows, doors, and electrical outlets, and adding more insulation to the attic and basement (Dow and Downing 89).
Whether one is at home or on the road, the use of energy can definitely be saved. As Dow and Downing said, “Walking, cycling, using a car pool or taking public transport, all produce fewer emissions than those emitted by a single person in a car.” For example, instead of buying a regular car, one should go for a more efficient car, such as a hybrid gasoline-electric model so that way emissions are reduced. Well, even if one does not have a hybrid car, they can still help by reducing gasoline consumption. It is actually a fact that for every gallon of gasoline that is burned, about 20 pounds of carbon dioxide enter the atmosphere. Now, here’s something interesting I didn’t even know until I read it in a book. It is said that driving at 5 miles per hour below the speed limit over an 8-mile commute to work saves 250 kg of carbon dioxide per year (Dow and Downing 88). Wow! I can’t believe that reducing the speed of a car also makes a difference. I speed most of the time I am on the road, but after reading this, I realized that I shouldn’t just be slowing down to prevent getting speeding tickets, but also to help the world I live in.
As the Union of Concerned Scientists said, “By Using energy more efficiently and moving to renewable energy, we can reduce our contribution to global warming while creating a stronger, healthier, and more secure nation.”
References:
Dow, Kirstin, and Thomas Downing. The Atlas of Climate Change.Berkeley and Los Angeles: Myriad Editions Limited,2006.
"Global Warming." Union of Concerned Scientists. 21 May 2007. Union of Concerned Scientists. 27 Nov 2007. <http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/solutions/>
It is quite unfortunate that even though something is and will be done for the future of the planet, reducing greenhouse gas emissions can never make the climate and ecosystems return to the way they were before. Well, some of the worst consequences can still be avoided, but only if there is an extreme reduction in emissions than before. On the other hand, reducing emissions will definitely require massive changes to the world’s carbon-based economy and the current inefficient use of energy. According to Dow and Downing, “The first round of the Kyoto Protocol committed the industrialized countries among the signatories to an average 5 percent reduction. However, the European Union environment ministers estimate that a reduction of between 60 and 80 percent will be needed to prevent dangerous climate change.”
Burning fossil fuels to power homes and run cars creates global warming pollution. The Union of Concerned Scientists said that 70 percent of the electricity is produced from fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and oil, but only 2 percent from renewable sources in America alone. Not just that, but can you believe that cars and trucks alone make up 25 percent of the United States carbon dioxide emissions?! I mean, how scary is that?! The sad part is that even if we humans do want to or try to reduce/prevent the usage of carbon dioxide emissions, we just can’t. For example, if we do not drive in a car, a bus or metro will most likely be taken. But either way, it’s not helping the planet.
Essentially, everybody can take action to fight global warming, and there is plenty of advice on how to do it. Some people might think that doing something as little as turning off a light bulb will not help, when the truth is that everything (whether it be big or small) makes a huge difference. Now, what should be done? Well, one of the biggest problems nowadays is the use of energy. Using less energy not only helps the planet, but also saves money on household bills. How good does that sound? For example, one should buy an “Energy-efficient” refrigerator, which actually saves about half a ton of carbon dioxide per year. Not just that, but instead of using standard light bulbs, one should use “Compact fluorescent light bulbs,” which are about 75 percent more efficient than the standard light bulbs. Lastly, one can reduce energy consumption just by sitting at home by insulating the windows, doors, and electrical outlets, and adding more insulation to the attic and basement (Dow and Downing 89).
Whether one is at home or on the road, the use of energy can definitely be saved. As Dow and Downing said, “Walking, cycling, using a car pool or taking public transport, all produce fewer emissions than those emitted by a single person in a car.” For example, instead of buying a regular car, one should go for a more efficient car, such as a hybrid gasoline-electric model so that way emissions are reduced. Well, even if one does not have a hybrid car, they can still help by reducing gasoline consumption. It is actually a fact that for every gallon of gasoline that is burned, about 20 pounds of carbon dioxide enter the atmosphere. Now, here’s something interesting I didn’t even know until I read it in a book. It is said that driving at 5 miles per hour below the speed limit over an 8-mile commute to work saves 250 kg of carbon dioxide per year (Dow and Downing 88). Wow! I can’t believe that reducing the speed of a car also makes a difference. I speed most of the time I am on the road, but after reading this, I realized that I shouldn’t just be slowing down to prevent getting speeding tickets, but also to help the world I live in.
As the Union of Concerned Scientists said, “By Using energy more efficiently and moving to renewable energy, we can reduce our contribution to global warming while creating a stronger, healthier, and more secure nation.”
References:
Dow, Kirstin, and Thomas Downing. The Atlas of Climate Change.Berkeley and Los Angeles: Myriad Editions Limited,2006.
"Global Warming." Union of Concerned Scientists. 21 May 2007. Union of Concerned Scientists. 27 Nov 2007. <http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/solutions/>
Tuesday, November 20, 2007
Potential Sources
Before taking English 112, I had heard of “blogs,” but to be quite honest, never really knew the real definition of it or why people even do it. Well, today I know and I must say, this has been quite a wonderful experience. I have learned how to create so many things, the first one being a blog. Then, when I learned how to create my own blogs, I realized I can get as creative as I want. There were many things that were new to me. For example, I always wondered how people add hyperlinks to their websites/blogs, and today I know. I can’t believe I did not even know how to add music until this class. Best of all, my writing skills have improved tremendously. I love the fact that my writing is out to the public, and everyone can respond to each other and share their viewpoints/opinions.
As the weeks go by, I have been trying to look for sources that would help me for my final analysis paper. My subject/topic is very similar to many bloggers and even though I have researched many blogs, but not many interested me. One of them is on global warming watch. When one looks at this blog, there is nothing but words. For some reason, that didn’t seem to bother me. I didn’t mind the blog being plain and simple because the information was what caught my eye. I noticed that this blogger was up to date on everything he/she was writing. Yes, there is a ton of writing-actually only writing on this blog, but also very informative and knowledgeable. Another thing I like about this blog is the writing format of the blogger. The blogger does not go on about something that is unnecessary. In fact, everything is shortly put and just straight to the point. I liked that this blog was well on topic and straight to the point because I think I need practice in that area. When I start writing, I realize that I have more to write about then I thought. However, I never know how to shorten my writing because I feel as if I will miss out on something.
Another blog that I like talks about climate change. Now, this blogger again has only writing on the blog. However, as I was reading the blog entries, they were just so exciting. I mean, the writer had facts, but at the same time, discussed her own opinions. But what really fascinated me was her writing technique. She had hyperlinks, she had facts, she had her own knowledge, and she had her own way to lay out the facts to public. I really don't know how to put it in words or how much more to get into detail, but by analyzing this blog, I will focus more on my writing style as well.
Climate Change/Warm Weather
It is evident in the world around us that very dramatic changes are taking place. One of those changes happens to be warm weather. When talking about “warm weather,” I mean to say that the temperature has gone up. Unfortunately, temperature increases are taking place all over the world today, including the oceans. Watching a video on global warming provided me a lot of great information. I learned that the climate is actually a global system powered by the heat of the sun. What happens is most of the energy gets reflected straight back into space by white surfaces of clouds and ice. The rest functions as a kind of pump, which drives ocean currents, evaporation, snow and rain. The warmer the air, the more active and energetic the system becomes, which then leads to extreme weather worldwide (“Be Prepared for Global Warming”).
Sadly, the planet we live in approaches sustained higher temperatures today than ever before. Today, I came to know that our climate is changing faster than it has ever since the past 10,000 years. As I was watching a video called, “Be Prepared for Global Warming,” I couldn’t believe that the hottest years on record were the years 1998, 2001, and 2002! Along with watching this video, I read on ABC news that warm days and warm nights have tremendously increased over the past 20 years. Over the 20th century, the average global temperature has already increased by 1 degree Fahrenheit.
Well, we know that temperatures are increasing, but how fast? I cannot say that I know how fast the temperatures are increasing, but the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projected that temperatures are going to increase by 1.8-4.0 degrees Celsius this century.
Climate change is happening today, but has anyone ever had the curiosity to know why this is happening? Seeing the "Global Warming: What's Up With the Weather," video informed me that human activities could possibly be the reason. According to the National Academy of Sciences, “Scientists have estimated the contribution to warming made by a range of gases, dust and solar radiation. They have a high level of certainty that greenhouse gases contribute the most to warming, with increases in CO2 as the greatest contributor with about 1.4 watts/meter2 and methane, nitrous oxide, and halocarbons making smaller contributions.” To put this in simpler terms, the Earth is heating up because gases produced from vehicles, power plants, deforestation, and other sources are building up in the atmosphere, acting like a thick blanket over the planet.
According to the United Nations Environment Programme, “Climate change impacts will range from affecting agriculture- further endangering food security, sea-level rise and the accelerated erosion of coastal zones, increasing intensity of natural disasters, species extinction and the spread of vector-borne diseases.” Sadly, climate change is already affecting our lives and there is no preparation done for it. It sounds hard to believe, but Scientists have determined that there really is nothing that can be done to stop climate change. Even if precaution is taken, sea levels and temperatures will still continue to rise. Still, carbon emissions are suggested to be reduced because if precaution is not taken, situations will only get worse.
References:
Be Prepared for Global Warming. DVD Video. Films for The Humanities & Sciences. A Films Media Group Company, 2005.
"Climate Change." United Nations Environment Programme.
2007. UNEP. 20 Nov 2007
GLOBAL WARMING: What’s Up With The Weather? Dir. Alan Ritsko. Videocassette. A Frontline/NOVA co-production with The Palfreman Film Group, Inc., 2000.
"Global Warming and Warm Weather: Connected?." ABCNews.
2007. ABCNews Internet Ventures. 20 Nov 2007
"Human Activity And Greenhouse Gases." Science Museum of the National Academy of Sciences. 2007. National Academy of Sciences. 20 Nov 2007
"Modeling of long-term fossil fuel consumption shows 14.5-degree hike in Earth's temperature" Public Affairs. 29 Oct 2007. 20 Nov 2007. <http://www.llnl.gov/PAO/news/news_releases/2005/NR-05-11-01.html>
Tuesday, November 13, 2007
Fossil Fuels
Has anyone ever thought that the emission of greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels could be one of the major causes of climate change/global warming? A few days ago I went to the NVCC Woodbridge campus and found highly interesting books and videos about global warming/climate change. Since I could not check out all of the books, I brought home a few, one of them being, “The Atlas of Climate Change.” The book had plenty of knowledgeable information, but only a few facts about fossil fuels. As the authors Dow and Downing said, “Nearly two-thirds of carbon dioxide emissions, along with a significant amount of nitrous oxide and methane, derive from the burning of fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal" (Dow and Downing 43).
Along with the book, I also rented a video called, “Global Warming: What’s Up with the Weather?” This video really caught my eye because I got to know a lot more information than I thought I already knew. When talking about fossil fuels, the video started out showing Al Gore and his views on fossil fuels. He believes that somehow emissions from oil, natural gas, and coal should be greatly reduced since they play a major role in global warming. The reason he believes they should be reduced is because the burning of fossil fuels puts the greenhouse gases into the atmosphere which then trap heat and warm the globe. However, the problem was that others disagreed with Al Gore since fossil fuels account for 90 percent of the energy.
Well, halfway through the video, I found a lot more information on fossil fuels than I had expected. I was amazed when I came to know that fossil fuels have been used for more than 150 years, ever since the Industrial Revolution. Now, here is the scary part. In 1957, the earth had less Carbon Dioxide. But ever since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the rise of carbon dioxide appeared to be higher now than it was 450,000 years ago! Why? Well, fossil fuels are used everyday and everywhere in the world. Sadly, humans are the primary cause for the increase of carbon dioxide. For example, whenever a car is started, or whenever a light or lamp is turned on, carbon dioxide is being added to the air.
According to the greenhouse effect theory, adding more greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide to the atmosphere will cause the average global temperature to rise for as long as the burning of fossil fuels continues. When talking about fossil fuels, the video also talked about the planet Mars and Venus. According to the researchers in the video, the climate of Mars and Venus were also shaped by the greenhouse effect. Now, when looking at Venus, the planet has an extremely high concentration of carbon dioxide and it is boiling hot! On the other hand, Mars has an extremely thin and small amount of carbon dioxide and it is freezing cold! What better examples can I provide than these?
Not many people realize that many of the environmental problems (global warming) the world faces today result from the use of fossil fuels. Well, is there any way the use of fossil fuels could be reduced, if not stopped? According to the Natural Resources Defense Council, there are many ways to reduce global warming, such as reducing pollution from vehicles and power plants. Secondly, the use of fossil fuels could be highly reduced by building cleaner cars. Along with that, building hybrid gas-electric engines would probably cut global warming pollution by one-third or even more. Lastly, humans can help reduce global warming by manufacturing more efficient appliances and conserving energy. There are other minor things that can also be done to cut global warming, which can be found at the Natural Resources Defense Council website.
References:
Dow, Kirstin, and Thomas Downing. The Atlas of Climate Change.
Berkeley and Los Angeles: Myriad Editions Limited,
2006.
GLOBAL WARMING: What’s Up With The Weather? Dir. Alan Ritsko. Videocassette. A Frontline/NOVA co-production with The Palfreman Film Group, Inc., 2000.
http://ecopropertyservices.com/images/the_burning_of_fossil_fuels_cannot_be_sustained_cc4o.jpg
http://www.nrdc.org/globalWarming/f101.asp
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